BLOOD AND BLOOD CIRCULATION
Human blood
Blood is a liquid patch. It has liquid components and solid components.
The human body has an average of 4 to 5 liters of blood. It helps the body stay balanced by transmitting nutrients, unnecessary waste and gases to the body.
Liquid components:
Plasma, mineral and organic components are liquid components.
Solid components
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
These are three solid components.
Plasma:
Plasma is a lack of blood cells. It contains 55% of the blood. Plasma is a pale yellowish fluid that is alkaline.
- Water
- Proteins
- Enzymes
- Hormones
- Extracted elements
- Waste is found
Furthermore, plasma acts as a medium for transmitting all the aforesaid materials.
Blood cells
About 45% of blood is found in blood.
Blood cells are three types
Erythrocytes (Red cells) RBC
Leukocytes (White cells) WBC
Thrombocytes (blood plates).
Erythrocytes (Red cells):
- Red cells are formed in the bone marrow and bone marrow.
- These are round and shape both sides of the circular shape.
- By obtaining the respiratory tract of hemoglobin, it is reddish. This gas helps to transmit (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
- Human red cells are not have nucleolus.
- 5 million blood red blood cells are found in a cubic millimeter blood.
- Their lifetime is 120 days.
- These are destroyed in liver and spleen.
- When the number of red blood cells decreases, it is said to be a blood clot, and a polyacrylamide when the number increases.
Leukocytes (white cells):
- Bone marrow and lymph nodes.
- White cells are colorless and irregular.
- Destroying and burning the germs protects the body from the germs.
- About 8000 white cells are found in a cubic millimeter blood.
- Their lifespan is 4 weeks.
- Cells in the nucleus.
- These are smaller in numbers compared to the number of red cells.
- Leukopenia is said to be white when the number of white cells decrease, while the number is increased when the number is increased.
Vessels are 2 types. They are:
1. Particle white cells:
Particles in cytoplasm are filled. There are 3 types of white specks.
Eosinophils; These are 0.5-3.0%.
Basophils; These are 0.1%.
Neutrophils are 60-70%.
2. Non Particle white cells:
There are no particles in cytoplasm. These are 2 types.
Lymphocytes; These are 20-30%.
Monocytes; These are 1-4%.
Thrombocytes (blood platelets):
- Drinking fluids are the floating plate formations in blood.
- Smaller nuclei are cells.
- These are found in the size of 1 cubic millimeter between 2,00,000 to 4,00,000.
- Their life is a week.
- These are digested by macrophages.
- They help with blood clotting.
The functions of blood
- Carrying food into all parts of the body.
- Waste disposal during the metabolism leads to waste removal organs.
- The secretion of endocrine glands leads to all parts of the body.
- Keeps the body's temperature steady.
- Keep the body tissues wet.
Types of blood
Red blood cells contain a protein called an antigen. The Group is compromised according to its nature.
There are four groups of blood. There are four groups of A, B, AB and O. In addition to these four, there are sub types of A1 and A2 in the blood. Group O blood, because everyone will, O People with blood group "Universal Toner," the name.
If the red blood cells have an antigen, A is a group; If B is an antigen, then B is a group. If AB has two antigens AB is AB group. If there is no antigen, O group.
The work of the "platelet" cells in the blood
The "platelet" cells have the power to prevent the natural withdrawal of the body after injury to the body. This can prevent the blood flow from the circled place, causing more blood leaking.
Dengue, these platelet cells are fed to patients suffering from severe malaria fever.
Blood clotting
The first factor in the total of 13 factors in blood is the fibrinogen, the chemical that freezes blood. If blood is not present in blood plasma fibrinogen is 2.5 to 4 grams per liter of plasma.
Blood circulation zone
Blood circuits help in transferring objects from one place to another. Blood circuits in our body are blood, arteries, veins, capillaries, and liquid and lymphatic blood.
In 1628, William Harvey, a British physician, discovered the blood circulation in humans. Until then, our body was made of blood and constant.
William Harvey (1578-1657) is an English doctor. He first explained the blood circulation, blood properties, and heart actions.
Bloodstream
The bloodstream consists of heart, blood and blood vessels. The metamorphosis carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body through the bloodstream.
- Human heart, hollow, with a four-celled muscle element.
- It is shaped like cone or pyramid form.
- There is a twin wall enclosure around the heart. It is called pericardium.
- The area between the pericardial membrane is filled with pericardial liquid. It protects the heart from shock.
- The heart is placed in the chest chamber, in the mediastinm between the two lungs.
Blood vessels associated with the heart
Right atrium
a. Superior Vena Cava
b. Inferior Vena Cava
c. Coronary vein
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Pulmonary Vein
Left Ventricle
Aorta
The heart outline of the heart
The heart sends blood to all parts of the body. There are two upper chambers in the heart of the Atrium and two underground chambers with a thick wall.
The heart is divided by the outermost wall of the Atrio-Vendricular Interchange, the right area and the area. At the right side of the heart to get the antioxidant blood and the oxidized blood Pumps into the lungs.
The left side of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps all the tissues of the body through the arteries.
Each heart rate simultaneously develops the heart on both sides of the heart (top and bottom) and makes the heart a powerful motile.
The valves found in the heart
Tricuspid valve
Right between right and right wanderer.
Mitral Valve
Between the left aperture and the left ventricle.
Crescent lunar valve
The lung artery is found at the point of departure.
Atrium
- The walls of the branches are thin.
- The right octal and the left Atrial musculature intermediate is separated by a barrier wall.
- Atriums are the bloodiest organs.
- Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava gets the whole blood purified from the body
- Oxygenated blood from the lungs through the four lungs.
Ventricles
- Ventricles have thick walls.
- The right ventricle and the left ventricle are separated by intermediate ventricle.
- The ventricles are blood transparent organs.
- The right ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood from the right oxygen into the lungs through the lung artery.
- The left ventricle, oxygen from the left atrium of oxygen, receives great blood and pushes it into the atom. Then, through the branches, oxygen is heavily transmitted to many parts of the body.
The heart's holes
The right ventricle between the right Atrium and the right ventril is - the ventricular hole is located.
The left ventricle between the left Atrium and the left ventricles - the ventricular hole is located.
Heart valves
The four valves open and close to let blood flow through the heart. The steps below shows how the blood flows through the heart and describes how each valve works to keep blood moving.
1. Open tricuspid and mitral valves
Blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve, and from the left atrium into the left ventricle through the open mitral valve.
2. Closed tricuspid and mitral valves
When the right ventricle is full, the tricupsid valve closes and keeps blood from flowing backward into the right atrium when the ventricle contracts (squeezes).
When the left ventricle is full, the mitral valve closes and keeps blood from flowing backward into the left atrium when the ventricle contracts.
3. Open pulmonic and aortic valve
As the right ventricle begin to contract, the pulmonic valve is forced open. Blood is pumped out of the right ventricle through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
As the left ventricle begins to contract, the aortic valve is forced open. Blood is pumped out of the left ventricle through the aortic valve into the aorta. The aorta branches into many arteries and provides blood to the body.
4. Closed pulmonic and aortic valves
When the right ventricle finishes contracting and starts to relax, the pulmonic valve snaps shut. This keeps blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.
When the left ventricle finishes contracting and begins to relax, the aortic valve snaps shut. This keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
This pattern is repeated, causing blood to flow continuously to the heart, lungs and body. The four normally working heart valves make sure blood always flows freely in one direction and that there is no backward leakage.
Heart Operation Method
The human heart is shrunk and expanded by cardiac muscle. The room of the heart, the name of the cystole in the shrinkage. The name of the diastole is to expand the room of the heart.
When the hormone gets blood, it becomes expanded. The name is Auricular systole Dyestol.
The heart is shrunk when blood transfusions enter into the lung artery and Aorta. This is called Ventricular Cystole.
When atrium shrink, blood transfusions are transmitted to the blood vessels through the digestive and trunk valves. The lubrication of the "lub", The sound of "dub" appears in the expansion of the ventrics.
The average heart rate of a man is 72 pounds per minute. Heart rate is initiated by the inertia of its muscles and is performed by a specialized muscle tone.
The blood vessels
There are triple blood vessels called arteries, capillaries and veins.
Arteries
The arteries carry the purified blood from the heart. Except for this, the lung artery only takes untreated blood to the lungs from the heart to purify. The anthropomorphic splits into minorities.
They are further divided into thin techniques such as artistry. They divide further into thin, smaller meta arterioles and capillaries.
Capillaries
These are small blood vessels. The capillaries pinch the tissue around the web and deliver the blood to the tissues.
Veins
The capillaries are reunited with ventilations (microscopes) and they take untreated blood from the tissues. Venues (microscopes) converge into the veins. The veins become more subtle and coughing, and the blood is collected into the heart.
Differences between artery and vein
Artery
1. Blood transfushes the blood from the heart.
2. Apart from the lung artery, all the arteries have oxygen-rich blood.
3. Its wall is hard and elastic.
4. The body is found in the depths of the muscles.
5. The valves are not found.
Vein
1. Blood from the body is brought to the heart.
2. Apart from the lung vein, all the veins are found to have oxygen-free blood.
3. Its wall is thin and reflexible.
4. Body is found in the upper part of the muscles.
5. Valves are found.
Blood circulation
The multi cellular body system evolved from the evolution of animals. Blood circuits were created by this kind. The body is transported to many parts of the body. Most animals carry blood through closed blood vessels. The heart is the cause of blood circulation in the body.
In humans there is a 'double system' system like other mammals. The system is called a systematic or physical blood flow that is directed at the heart of the heart through the heart movement and the blood transfusions to many parts of the body. Similarly, the blood lungs from the heart of the liver. This is the name of the lung blood flow.
Systemic or physical blood flow
Lung arteries carry blood oxygen from the lungs to the left atrial.
When the heart is running, the blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle leaves the heart through a gluttony.
The Aorta is divided into hundreds of small arteries and spreads blood throughout the body.
Arteries have been repeatedly reported to have 4x10^6 microscopic arteries. Fourteen caps appear in organs within the organs. The same number of microscopes (wines) appear. Along with microscopes appear in the veins.
Finally, the upper and lower thighs appear and take the blood to the right ovaries. This means that the left ventricle goes around the body, then the blood reaches the right atrial right or the blood circuit.
Lung blood flow
In the first stage, the blood from the right atrium will reach the right ventricle. From the lung artery, blood lungs will be reached.
Oxygen-borne blood from the lungs will reach the left ache in the back of the lungs through the lungs. This means that lung blood flow from the right ventricle to the left ventricle of the blood through the lungs.
Portal blood circulation
In the physical or systolic blood circulation, the veins that recover from organs like spleen, pancreas, gastroenteritis, and duodenum are not directly in the heart. The blood from the liver can go through the liver and the liver.
This hormone begins to become capillaries and ends in the liver. The liver is reintegrated into the liver. This chicory, along with the thumbs, will reach the right atrium. That is the portal blood circuit.
Blood circuit elements
Blood vessels:
The arteries that pump blood from the heart are called arteries. The veins are restoring blood to the heart. The arteries and the veins are named according to their location. The skirts can be classified based on size and wall system. The pump can be categorized as pumps, spreading tubes, and hanging pumps based on work.
1. Conducting Pumps: The heart out of the heart and its main branches are of this type. The walls of these pins are resilient.
2. Spreading Pumps: These are small arteries that reach organs. These are trapped within the organs. Their walls are muscular.
3. Pumped Pumps: These are either artefiles or microscopic arteries. Though these are small tanks, their wall is muscular. Therefore, they can lower blood pressure due to upper bumps.
4. 'Dealing - Buying' Pumps: These are caps. Materials can be transferred between blood and tissues through the walls of these pits. Thus, oxygen, carbon dioxide, food, water, ions, vitamins, hormones, antibodies can be passed through the walls.
5. Blood transfusions: These large pipes are large pipes. There are many sizes of these blood vessels that bring blood to the heart. These are characterized by the restoration of their wall with blood restoration. They have a very high blood pressure in low pressure. The number of these veins is higher.
Blood vessels system
Blood vessels have many system variations. However, some of these can be found in basic settings. A blood vessel consists of wall and interior. The wall area consists of three clear tunics. They are dunika indima or internal layer, dunicka media or intermediate, dunika externa or output.
The inner layer is made of endothelium, thin connective tissue and elastic fibers. There are thin muscle cells in the middle. This effect causes the contraction and diffusion of the system. External connective tissues. The thickness of the blood vessel is the diameter and type of the digestive tract.
Types of blood vessels
1. Large elastic arteries: There are fibers that are in the wall of the arteries. Their wall is 1 micron. These are reduced by heart rate.
2. Muscle walled arteries: These are large, small muscular arteries. There is no reversal to the wall of the larger muscular arteries. Their wall was stout. The wall contains 30 to 40 layers of soft muscles. By controlling the blood flow, these are called blood transfusions. Their diameter is 30-40 microns. The wall of the small muscular arteries is shrinking and spreading.
3. Micro arteries or artillery: These transmit blood from the arteries to capillaries. These are shrinkage and small pipes.
4. Labels: These are spread between microscopes and microscopes. Their size is 5-8 microns.
5. Microvulsions: These are flat, elliptical or polygonal tuberculosis tubes. The microscope appears by the integration of many capillaries. The minimum is 30 microns.
6. Veins: They are between the veins and the big veins. Big veins transmit blood to the heart.
Valves have more than 2 mm diameter veins. The valves are shaped by the moon. These strengthens blood flow to the heart.
Branches in blood vessels
Sometimes the arteries end up being divided into two branches. These are the ending branches. The pipelines that appear on both sides of the artery are called lateral branches. Anesthesiosis or coordinate paths are the names of two other arteries.
Blood flow to blood vessels
Like other organs, tissues and cells, such as blood vessels, need food and food. Somewhat these things can enter the walls of the bloodstream. However, it can not be in the pipes with over 1 mm in taps. The top of such tubes is the vasa vasoram, which is a very small blood vessel. They enter the walls of the blood vessels and give them blood.
Nerves of blood vessels
Sympathetic veins are spread in the walls of the blood vessels. They control the movement of the muscles of the pipes.
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